Over the past decade, measurements from the climate-oriented ocean observing system have been key to advancing the understanding of extreme weather events that originate and intensify over the ocean, such as tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical bomb cyclones (ECs). In order to foster further advancements to predict and better understand these extreme weather events, a need for a dedicated observing system component specifically to support studies and forecasts of TCs and ECs has been identified, but such a system has not yet been implemented. New technologies, pilot networks, targeted deployments of instruments, and state-of-the art coupled numerical models have enabled advances in research and forecast capabilities and illustrate a potential framework for future development. Here, applications and key results made possible by the different ocean observing efforts in support of studies and forecasts of TCs and ECs, as well as recent advances in observing technologies and strategies are reviewed. Then a vision and specific recommendations for the next decade are discussed.

Figure caption: Mean fields of tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP A, C, E) and depth of the 26℃ isotherm (H26) (B, D, F) averaged over the time interval 21 August through 8 October 2017. Observation-based estimates are provided by the NOAA/AOML TCHP product (A, B). Model fields are from an unconstrained simulation (C, D) and from an analysis that assimilated all available data from ocean profilers (Argo floats, underwater gliders, and Alamo floats).

Citation: Domingues R., G. J. Goni, J. A. Knaff, I- I Lin, and F. Bringas, 2019: Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential [in "State of the Climate in 2018"], Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 100, No. 9, S133-S135, doi:10.1175/2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1. (SCI)